!= 積雲パラメタリゼーション: 対流調節スキーム ! != Cumulus parameterization: Convective adjustment scheme ! ! Authors:: Yasuhiro MORIKAWA, Yukiko YAMADA ! Version:: $Id: $ ! Tag Name:: $Name: $ ! Copyright:: Copyright (C) GFD Dennou Club, 2008. All rights reserved. ! License:: See COPYRIGHT[link:../../../COPYRIGHT] ! module cumulus_adjust ! != 積雲パラメタリゼーション: 対流調節スキーム ! != Cumulus parameterization: Convective adjustment scheme ! ! Note that Japanese and English are described in parallel. ! ! 対流調節スキームにより, 温度と比湿を調節します. ! 飽和比湿の計算には Nakajima et al. (1992) を用いています. ! 詳しくは saturate_nha1992 を参照してください. ! ! Adjust temperature and specific humidity by ! convective adjustment scheme. ! Nakajima et al. (1992) is used for calculation of ! saturation specific humidity. ! For details, see "saturate_nha1992". ! !== Procedures List ! ! Cumulus :: 温度と比湿の調節 ! ------------ :: ------------ ! Cumulus :: Adjust temperature and specific humidity ! !== NAMELIST ! ! NAMELIST#cumulus_adjust_nml ! ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements ! ! 格子点設定 ! Grid points settings ! use gridset, only: imax, & ! 経度格子点数. ! Number of grid points in longitude & jmax, & ! 緯度格子点数. ! Number of grid points in latitude & kmax ! 鉛直層数. ! Number of vertical level ! 種別型パラメタ ! Kind type parameter ! use dc_types, only: DP, & ! 倍精度実数型. Double precision. & STRING ! 文字列. Strings. ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input ! use namelist_util, only: MaxNmlArySize ! NAMELIST から読み込む配列の最大サイズ. ! Maximum size of arrays loaded from NAMELIST ! メッセージ出力 ! Message output ! use dc_message, only: MessageNotify ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements ! implicit none private ! 公開手続き ! Public procedure ! public:: Cumulus ! 公開変数 ! Public variables ! logical, save, public:: cumulus_adjust_inited = .false. ! 初期設定フラグ. ! Initialization flag ! 非公開変数 ! Private variables ! real(DP), save:: CrtlRH ! 臨界相対湿度. ! Critical relative humidity integer, save:: ItrtMax ! イテレーション回数. ! Number of iteration real(DP), save:: TempSatMax(1:MaxNmlArySize) ! 不安定の許容誤差. ! Admissible error of unstability ! Nakajima et al. (1992) を用いた飽和比湿の計算で用いられる値 ! Values for calculation of saturation specific humidity with Nakajima et al. (1992) ! real(DP), parameter:: LatHeatNha92 = 43655_DP ! $ l $ [J mol-1]. ! 水の凝結の潜熱. Latent heat of condensation of water vapor real(DP), parameter:: P0Nha92 = 1.4e+11_DP ! $ p_0^{*} $ [Pa]. ! 水蒸気飽和曲線の定数. constant for water vapor saturation curve character(*), parameter:: module_name = 'cumulus_adjust' ! モジュールの名称. ! Module name character(*), parameter:: version = & & '$Name: $' // & & '$Id: $' ! モジュールのバージョン ! Module version ! INTERFACE 文 ; INTERFACE statements ! interface Cumulus module procedure Cumulus end interface contains subroutine Cumulus( & & xyz_Temp, xyz_QVap, & ! (inout) & xyz_Press, xyr_Press & ! (in) & ) ! ! 対流調節スキームにより, 温度と比湿を調節します. ! ! Adjust temperature and specific humidity by ! convective adjustment scheme. ! ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements ! ! 物理定数設定 ! Physical constants settings ! use constants, only: & & GasRUniv, & ! $ R^{*} $ [J K-1 mol-1]. ! 普遍気体定数. Universal gas constant & Grav, & ! $ g $ [m s-2]. ! 重力加速度. ! Gravitational acceleration & GasRDry, & ! $ R $ [J kg-1 K-1]. ! 乾燥大気の気体定数. ! Gas constant of air & CpDry, & ! $ C_p $ [J kg-1 K-1]. ! 乾燥大気の定圧比熱. ! Specific heat of air at constant pressure & GasRWet, & ! $ R_v $ [J kg-1 K-1]. ! 凝結成分の気体定数. ! Gas constant of condensible elements & LatentHeat, & ! $ L $ [J kg-1] . ! 凝結の潜熱. ! Latent heat of condensation & EpsV ! $ \epsilon_v $ . ! 水蒸気分子量比. ! Molecular weight of water vapor ! 時刻管理 ! Time control ! use timeset, only: DelTime, & ! $ \Delta t $ & TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop ! ヒストリデータ出力 ! History data output ! use history_file_io, only: HistoryFileOutput ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements ! implicit none real(DP), intent(inout):: xyz_Temp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! $ T $ . 温度. Temperature real(DP), intent(inout):: xyz_QVap (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! $ q $ . 比湿. Specific humidity real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Press (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! $ p $ . 気圧 (整数レベル). ! Air pressure (full level) real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Press (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax) ! $ \hat{p} $ . 気圧 (半整数レベル). ! Air pressure (half level) ! 作業変数 ! Work variables ! real(DP):: xy_Rain (0:imax-1, 1:jmax) ! 降水量. ! Precipitation real(DP):: xyz_DTempDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! 温度変化率. ! Temperature tendency real(DP):: xyz_DQVapDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! 比湿変化率. ! Specific humidity tendency real(DP):: xyz_QVapB (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! 調節前の比湿. ! Specific humidity before adjust. real(DP):: xyz_TempB (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! 調節前の温度. ! Temperature before adjust. logical:: xy_Adjust (0:imax-1, 1:jmax) ! 今回調節されたか否か?. ! Whether it was adjusted this time or not? logical:: xy_AdjustB (0:imax-1, 1:jmax) ! 前回調節されたか否か?. ! Whether it was adjusted last time or not? real(DP):: xyz_DPressDz (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! $ \DD{p}{z} $ ! real(DP):: xyz_QVapSat (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! 飽和比湿. ! Saturation specific humidity. real(DP):: xyz_DDPressDDPress (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! $ \DD{p_{k}}{p_{k-1}} $ ! real(DP):: xyz_DPFact (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax) ! $ (R / C_p) ! \frac{p_{k-1} - p_{k}}{2 p_{k-1/2}} $ . ! ! ファクター. ! Factor real(DP):: TempSat ! $ S_t $ . ! 飽和温度. ! Saturation temperature real(DP):: DelTempSat ! 調節による飽和温度の変化量. ! Saturation temperature variation by adjustment real(DP):: DelQVap ! 調節による比湿の変化量. ! Specific humidity variation by adjustment real(DP):: DelTempUpper ! 調節による温度 (k) の変化量. ! Temperature (k) variation by adjustment real(DP):: DelTempLower ! 調節による温度 (k-1) の変化量. ! Temperature (k-1) variation by adjustment real(DP):: DQVapSatDTempUpper ! $ \DD{q^{*}} (k)}{T} $ real(DP):: DQVapSatDTempLower ! $ \DD{q^{*}} (k-1)}{T} $ real(DP):: DHDTempUpper ! $ 1 + \gamma_{k} = ! 1 + \frac{L}{C_p} \DP{q^{*}}{T}_{k} $ real(DP):: DHDTempLower ! $ 1 + \gamma_{k-1} = ! 1 + \frac{L}{C_p} \DP{q^{*}}{T}_{k-1} $ logical:: Adjust ! 今回全領域において一度でも調節されたか否か?. ! Whether it was adjusted even once in global ! this time or not? integer:: i ! 経度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数 ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude integer:: j ! 緯度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数 ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude integer:: k ! 鉛直方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数 ! Work variables for DO loop in vertical direction integer:: itr ! イテレーション方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数 ! Work variables for DO loop in iteration direction ! 実行文 ; Executable statement ! ! 計算時間計測開始 ! Start measurement of computation time ! call TimesetClockStart( module_name ) ! 初期化 ! Initialization ! if ( .not. cumulus_adjust_inited ) call CumAdjInit ! 調節前 "QVap", "Temp" の保存 ! Store "QVap", "Temp" before adjustment ! xyz_QVapB = xyz_QVap xyz_TempB = xyz_Temp ! ファクターの計算 ! Calculate factor ! do k = 1, kmax xyz_DPressDz(:,:,k) = xyr_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyr_Press(:,:,k) end do ! 飽和比湿計算 ! Calculate saturation specific humidity ! ! Nakajima et al. (1992) を用いた飽和比湿の計算 ! Calculate saturation specific humidity with Nakajima et al. (1992) ! xyz_QVapSat = EpsV * ( P0Nha92 / xyz_Press ) & & * exp ( - LatHeatNha92 / ( GasRUniv * xyz_Temp ) ) !!$ call CalcQVapSat( phy_cumad % phy_sat, & ! (in) !!$ & xyz_Temp = xyz_Temp, & ! (in) !!$ & xyz_Press = xyz_Press, & ! (in) !!$ & xyz_QVapSat = xyz_QVapSat, & ! (out) !!$ & err = err ) ! (out) !!$ ! クラウジウスクラペイロンの式より飽和比湿計算 !!$ ! * 273 K の時の飽和水蒸気圧を ES0 (= 611 Pa) としている !!$ ! * 浅井 冨男, 武田 喬男, 木村 竜治, 1981: !!$ ! 大気科学講座 2 雲や降水を伴う大気, 東京大学出版会, 249pp. !!$ ! Calculate saturation specific humidity with Clausius Clapeyron equation !!$ ! * Saturation vapor pressure is ES0 (= 611 Pa) at 273 K !!$ ! !!$ xyz_QVapSat = EpsV * ES0 & !!$ & * exp( EL / RVap * ( 1.0_DP / 273.0_DP - 1.0_DP / xyz_Temp ) ) & !!$ & / xyz_Press xyz_DDPressDDPress(:,:,1) = 0.0_DP do k = 2, kmax xyz_DDPressDDPress(:,:,k) = xyz_DPressDz(:,:,k) / xyz_DPressDz(:,:,k-1) xyz_DPFact(:,:,k) = & & GasRDry / CpDry & & * ( xyz_Press(:,:,k-1) - xyz_Press(:,:,k) ) & & / xyr_Press(:,:,k) / 2.0_DP end do ! 調節 ! Adjustment ! xy_AdjustB = .true. ! イテレーション ! Iteration ! do itr = 1, ItrtMax xy_Adjust = .false. do k = 2, kmax do j = 1, jmax do i = 0, imax-1 if ( xy_AdjustB(i,j) ) then TempSat = & & xyz_Temp(i,j,k-1) - xyz_Temp(i,j,k) & & + ( xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k-1) - xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k) ) * LatentHeat / CpDry & & - xyz_DPFact(i,j,k) * ( xyz_Temp(i,j,k-1) + xyz_Temp(i,j,k) ) !------------------------- ! 不安定であるならば ! If it is unstable if ( TempSat > TempSatMax(itr) ) then !------------------------- ! .. かつ, 飽和しているならば ! .. and, if it is saturated if ( ( xyz_QVap(i,j,k) / xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k) >= CrtlRH ) & & .and. & & ( xyz_QVap(i,j,k-1) / xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k-1) >= CrtlRH ) & & ) then DelQVap = & & xyz_DPressDz(i,j,k-1) & & * (xyz_QVap(i,j,k-1) - xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k-1) ) & & + xyz_DPressDz(i,j,k) & & * (xyz_QVap(i,j,k) - xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k) ) DQVapSatDTempUpper = & & xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k) & & * ( LatHeatNha92 / ( GasRUniv * xyz_Temp(i,j,k)**2 ) ) DQVapSatDTempLower = & & xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k-1) & & * ( LatHeatNha92 / ( GasRUniv * xyz_Temp(i,j,k-1)**2 ) ) !!$ call CalcDQVapSatDTemp( phy_cumad % phy_sat, & ! (in) !!$ & Temp = xyz_Temp(i,j,k), & ! (in) !!$ & Press = xyz_Press(i,j,k), & ! (in) !!$ & DQVapSatDTemp = DQVapSatDTempUpper ) ! (out) !!$ !!$ call CalcDQVapSatDTemp( phy_cumad % phy_sat, & ! (in) !!$ & Temp = xyz_Temp(i,j,k-1), & ! (in) !!$ & Press = xyz_Press(i,j,k-1), & ! (in) !!$ & DQVapSatDTemp = DQVapSatDTempLower ) ! (out) !!$ !!$ DQvapSatDTempUpper = LatentHeat * xyz_QvapSat(i,j,k) & !!$ & / ( RVap * xyz_Temp(i,j,k) * xyz_Temp(i,j,k) ) !!$ !!$ DQvapSatDTempLower = LatentHeat * xyz_QvapSat(i,j,k-1) & !!$ & / ( RVap * xyz_Temp(i,j,k-1) * xyz_Temp(i,j,k-1) ) DHDTempUpper = 1.0_DP + LatentHeat/CpDry * DQVapSatDTempUpper DHDTempLower = 1.0_DP + LatentHeat/CpDry * DQVapSatDTempLower DelTempSat = & & TempSat & & + ( 1.0_DP - xyz_DPFact(i,j,k) / DHDTempLower ) & & * LatentHeat/CpDry * DelQVap / xyz_DPressDz(i,j,k-1) !------------------------- ! 温度の調節 ! Adjust temperature DelTempUpper = & & DelTempSat & & / ( & & ( 1.0_DP + xyz_DDPressDDPress(i,j,k) ) & & * DHDTempUpper & & + xyz_DPFact(i,j,k) & & * ( 1.0_DP - xyz_DDPressDDPress(i,j,k) & & * DHDTempUpper / DHDTempLower ) & & ) DelTempLower = & & - DHDTempUpper / DHDTempLower & & * xyz_DDPressDDPress(i,j,k) * DelTempUpper & & + LatentHeat / CpDry * DelQVap & & / ( xyz_DPressDz(i,j,k-1) * DHDTempLower ) xyz_Temp(i,j,k) = xyz_Temp(i,j,k) + DelTempUpper xyz_Temp(i,j,k-1) = xyz_Temp(i,j,k-1) + DelTempLower !------------------------- ! 比湿の調節 ! Adjust specific humidity xyz_QVap(i,j,k) = & & xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k) & & + DQVapSatDTempUpper * DelTempUpper xyz_QVap(i,j,k-1) = & & xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k-1) & & + DQVapSatDTempLower * DelTempLower xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k) = xyz_QVap(i,j,k) xyz_QVapSat(i,j,k-1) = xyz_QVap(i,j,k-1) !------------------------- ! 調節したか否か? ! Whether it was adjusted or not? xy_Adjust(i,j) = .true. end if end if end if end do end do end do Adjust = .false. do i = 0, imax-1 do j = 1, jmax xy_AdjustB(i,j) = xy_Adjust(i,j) Adjust = Adjust .or. xy_Adjust(i,j) end do end do if ( .not. Adjust ) exit end do ! 比湿変化率, 温度変化率, 降水量の算出 ! Calculate specific humidity tendency, temperature tendency, precipitation ! xy_Rain = 0.0_DP xyz_DTempDt = 0.0_DP xyz_DQVapDt = 0.0_DP xyz_DQVapDt = xyz_DQVapDt & & + ( xyz_QVap - xyz_QVapB ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime ) xyz_DTempDt = xyz_DTempDt & & + ( xyz_Temp - xyz_TempB ) / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime ) do k = 1, kmax xy_Rain = xy_Rain & & + ( xyz_QVapB(:,:,k) - xyz_QVap(:,:,k) ) & & * xyz_DPressDz(:,:,k) / Grav * LatentHeat / ( 2.0_DP * DelTime ) end do ! ヒストリデータ出力 ! History data output ! call HistoryFileOutput( 'RainCumlus', xy_Rain ) call HistoryFileOutput( 'DTempDtCumulus', xyz_DTempDt ) call HistoryFileOutput( 'DQVapDtCumulus', xyz_DQVapDt ) ! 計算時間計測一時停止 ! Pause measurement of computation time ! call TimesetClockStop( module_name ) end subroutine Cumulus subroutine CumAdjInit ! ! cumulus_adjust モジュールの初期化を行います. ! NAMELIST#cumulus_adjust_nml の読み込みはこの手続きで行われます. ! ! "cumulus_adjust" module is initialized. ! "NAMELIST#cumulus_adjust_nml" is loaded in this procedure. ! ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements ! ! 時刻管理 ! Time control ! use timeset, only: TimesetIntStepEval ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input ! use namelist_util, only: namelist_filename, NmlutilMsg, NmlutilAryValid ! ファイル入出力補助 ! File I/O support ! use dc_iounit, only: FileOpen ! 種別型パラメタ ! Kind type parameter ! use dc_types, only: STDOUT ! 標準出力の装置番号. Unit number of standard output ! 文字列操作 ! Character handling ! use dc_string, only: StoA ! ヒストリデータ出力 ! History data output ! use history_file_io, only: HistoryFileRegister ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements ! implicit none integer:: unit_nml ! NAMELIST ファイルオープン用装置番号. ! Unit number for NAMELIST file open integer:: iostat_nml ! NAMELIST 読み込み時の IOSTAT. ! IOSTAT of NAMELIST read ! NAMELIST 変数群 ! NAMELIST group name ! namelist /cumulus_adjust_nml/ & & CrtlRH, ItrtMax, TempSatMax ! ! デフォルト値については初期化手続 "cumulus_adjust#CumAdjInit" ! のソースコードを参照のこと. ! ! Refer to source codes in the initialization procedure ! "cumulus_adjust#CumAdjInit" for the default values. ! ! 実行文 ; Executable statement ! if ( cumulus_adjust_inited ) return call InitCheck ! デフォルト値の設定 ! Default values settings ! CrtlRH = 0.990_DP ItrtMax = 10 TempSatMax(1:ItrtMax) = & & (/ 0.01_DP, 0.02_DP, 0.02_DP, 0.05_DP, 0.05_DP, & & 0.10_DP, 0.10_DP, 0.20_DP, 0.20_DP, 0.40_DP /) ! NAMELIST の読み込み ! NAMELIST is input ! if ( trim(namelist_filename) /= '' ) then call FileOpen( unit_nml, & ! (out) & namelist_filename, mode = 'r' ) ! (in) rewind( unit_nml ) read( unit_nml, & ! (in) & nml = cumulus_adjust_nml, & ! (out) & iostat = iostat_nml ) ! (out) close( unit_nml ) call NmlutilMsg( iostat_nml, module_name ) ! (in) if ( iostat_nml == 0 ) write( STDOUT, nml = cumulus_adjust_nml ) end if ! イテレーション回数, 不安定の許容誤差のチェック ! Check number of iteration, admissible error of unstability ! call NmlutilAryValid( module_name, & ! (in) & TempSatMax, 'TempSatMax', & ! (in) & ItrtMax, 'ItrtMax' ) ! (in) ! ヒストリデータ出力のためのへの変数登録 ! Register of variables for history data output ! call HistoryFileRegister( 'RainCumlus', 'precipitation by cumulus scheme', & & 'W m-2', StoA('lon', 'lat', 'time') ) call HistoryFileRegister( 'DTempDtCumulus', 'cumulus condensation heating', & & 'K s-1', StoA('lon', 'lat', 'sig', 'time') ) call HistoryFileRegister( 'DQVapDtCumulus', 'cumulus condensation moistening', & & 'kg kg-1 s-1', StoA('lon', 'lat', 'sig', 'time') ) ! 印字 ; Print ! call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '----- Initialization Messages -----' ) call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, ' CrtlRH = %f', d = (/ CrtlRH /) ) call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, ' ItrtMax = %d', i = (/ ItrtMax /) ) call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, ' TempSatMax = (/ %*r /)', & & r = real( TempSatMax(1:ItrtMax) ), n = (/ ItrtMax /) ) call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '-- version = %c', c1 = trim(version) ) cumulus_adjust_inited = .true. end subroutine CumAdjInit subroutine InitCheck ! ! 依存モジュールの初期化チェック ! ! Check initialization of dependency modules ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements ! ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input ! use namelist_util, only: namelist_util_inited ! 格子点設定 ! Grid points settings ! use gridset, only: gridset_inited ! 物理定数設定 ! Physical constants settings ! use constants, only: constants_inited ! 座標データ設定 ! Axes data settings ! use axesset, only: axesset_inited ! 時刻管理 ! Time control ! use timeset, only: timeset_inited ! 実行文 ; Executable statement ! if ( .not. namelist_util_inited ) & & call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, '"namelist_util" module is not initialized.' ) if ( .not. gridset_inited ) & & call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, '"gridset" module is not initialized.' ) if ( .not. constants_inited ) & & call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, '"constants" module is not initialized.' ) if ( .not. axesset_inited ) & & call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, '"axesset" module is not initialized.' ) if ( .not. timeset_inited ) & & call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, '"timeset" module is not initialized.' ) end subroutine InitCheck end module cumulus_adjust