水平方向の速度の時間変化 (中緯度場, 湿度: Q14, 風のシアー: 0 - 2.5 km・U_s = 10 m/s)

概要

• Takemi, 2007 での積雲対流の数値シミュレーションに用いられた, 温度・湿度・風を用いて計算をした.

用いた基本場

基本場の温度

• 図 (破線)

• 温度は以下の式で与える

  θ(z) = θ_0 + (θ_tr + θ_0)(z/z_tr)^(5/4), z ≦ z_tr ・・・・・・ (1)

  θ(z) = θ_tr * exp[g(z - z_tr) / (C_p T_tr)], z ＞ z_tr ・・・・・ (2)

  • θ(z): 基本場の温位
  • θ_0 = 300 K: 地表面の温位
  • θ_tr = 343 K: 対流圏界面での温位
  • T_tr : 対流圏界面での温度
  • z : 高度
  • z_tr = 12 ㎞ : 対流圏界面の高度
  • C_p : 定圧比熱
  • g : 重力加速度

基本場の湿度

• 図 (実線)

• 高度 1.5 ㎞ から対流圏界面までの相対湿度は以下の式で与える

  RH(z) = 1 - 0.75(z/z_tr)^(5/4), 1.5 [km] ＜ z ≦ z_tr・・(3)

  RH(z) = 0.25, z ＞ z_tr ・・ (4)

  • RH(z): 基本場の相対湿度
• 地表面から高度 1.5 ㎞ までの湿度 (条件ごとに名前があり, Takemi, 2007 に従う)
  • Q14
    • 高度 0 - 1.5 km の水蒸気の混合比を 14 g/kg で固定する

基本場の風のシアー

• 図 (実線)
• 風のシアーを与える高度
  • 0 - 2.5 km
• 風のシアー中の最大風速 (U_s)
  • U_s = 10 m/s

実験設定 (Takemi, 2007. の計算領域・格子間隔に合わせた)

• 水平格子間隔 : 1 km
• 鉛直格子間隔 : 500 m
• 長い時間ステップ : 1 s
• 短い時間ステップ : 0.2 s
• 水平領域 : 450 km
• 鉛直領域 : 18 km
• 積分時間 : 6 h
• 対流圏界面高度 : 12 ㎞

計算結果(中緯度場, 湿度: Q14, 風のシアー: 0 - 2.5 km・U_s = 10 m/s)

動画. 計算領域の全域を描画.	動画. 水平方向 150 km - 300 km, 鉛直方向全域を描画.
各時間の静止画. 計算領域の全域を描画. -->	t=0	t=50
t=100	t=150	t=200
t=250	t=300	t=350
t=400	t=450	t=500
t=550	t=600	t=650
t=700	t=750	t=800
t=850	t=900	t=950
t=1000	t=1050	t=1100
t=1150	t=1200	t=1250
t=1300	t=1350	t=1400
t=1450	t=1500	t=1550
t=1600	t=1650	t=1700
t=1750	t=1800	t=1850
t=1900	t=1950	t=2000
t=2050	t=2100	t=2150
t=2200	t=2250	t=2300
t=2350	t=2400	t=2450
t=2500	t=2550	t=2600
t=2650	t=2700	t=2750
t=2800	t=2850	t=2900
t=2950	t=3000	t=3050
t=3100	t=3150	t=3200
t=3250	t=3300	t=3350
t=3400	t=3450	t=3500
t=3550	t=3600	t=3650
t=3700	t=3750	t=3800
t=3850	t=3900	t=3950
t=4000	t=4050	t=4100
t=4150	t=4200	t=4250
t=4300	t=4350	t=4400
t=4450	t=4500	t=4550
t=4600	t=4650	t=4700
t=4750	t=4800	t=4850
t=4900	t=4950	t=5000
t=5050	t=5100	t=5150
t=5200	t=5250	t=5300
t=5350	t=5400	t=5450
t=5500	t=5550	t=5600
t=5650	t=5700	t=5750
t=5800	t=5850	t=5900
t=5950	t=6000	t=6050
t=6100	t=6150	t=6200
t=6250	t=6300	t=6350
t=6400	t=6450	t=6500
t=6550	t=6600	t=6650
t=6700	t=6750	t=6800
t=6850	t=6900	t=6950
t=7000	t=7050	t=7100
t=7150	t=7200	t=7250
t=7300	t=7350	t=7400
t=7450	t=7500	t=7550
t=7600	t=7650	t=7700
t=7750	t=7800	t=7850
t=7900	t=7950	t=8000
t=8050	t=8100	t=8150
t=8200	t=8250	t=8300
t=8350	t=8400	t=8450
t=8500	t=8550	t=8600
t=8650	t=8700	t=8750
t=8800	t=8850	t=8900
t=8950	t=9000	t=9050
t=9100	t=9150	t=9200
t=9250	t=9300	t=9350
t=9400	t=9450	t=9500
t=9550	t=9600	t=9650
t=9700	t=9750	t=9800
t=9850	t=9900	t=9950
t=10000	t=10050	t=10100
t=10150	t=10200	t=10250
t=10300	t=10350	t=10400
t=10450	t=10500	t=10550
t=10600	t=10650	t=10700
t=10750	t=10800	t=10850
t=10900	t=10950	t=11000
t=11050	t=11100	t=11150
t=11200	t=11250	t=11300
t=11350	t=11400	t=11450
t=11500	t=11550	t=11600
t=11650	t=11700	t=11750
t=11800	t=11850	t=11900
t=11950	t=12000	t=12050
t=12100	t=12150	t=12200
t=12250	t=12300	t=12350
t=12400	t=12450	t=12500
t=12550	t=12600	t=12650
t=12700	t=12750	t=12800
t=12850	t=12900	t=12950
t=13000	t=13050	t=13100
t=13150	t=13200	t=13250
t=13300	t=13350	t=13400
t=13450	t=13500	t=13550
t=13600	t=13650	t=13700
t=13750	t=13800	t=13850
t=13900	t=13950	t=14000
t=14050	t=14100	t=14150
t=14200	t=14250	t=14300
t=14350	t=14400	t=14450
t=14500	t=14550	t=14600
t=14650	t=14700	t=14750
t=14800	t=14850	t=14900
t=14950	t=15000	t=15050
t=15100	t=15150	t=15200
t=15250	t=15300	t=15350
t=15400	t=15450	t=15500
t=15550	t=15600	t=15650
t=15700	t=15750	t=15800
t=15850	t=15900	t=15950
t=16000	t=16050	t=16100
t=16150	t=16200	t=16250
t=16300	t=16350	t=16400
t=16450	t=16500	t=16550
t=16600	t=16650	t=16700
t=16750	t=16800	t=16850
t=16900	t=16950	t=17000
t=17050	t=17100	t=17150
t=17200	t=17250	t=17300
t=17350	t=17400	t=17450
t=17500	t=17550	t=17600
t=17650	t=17700	t=17750
t=17800	t=17850	t=17900
t=17950	t=18000	t=18050
t=18100	t=18150	t=18200
t=18250	t=18300	t=18350
t=18400	t=18450	t=18500
t=18550	t=18600	t=18650
t=18700	t=18750	t=18800
t=18850	t=18900	t=18950
t=19000	t=19050	t=19100
t=19150	t=19200	t=19250
t=19300	t=19350	t=19400
t=19450	t=19500	t=19550
t=19600	t=19650	t=19700
t=19750	t=19800	t=19850
t=19900	t=19950	t=20000
t=20050	t=20100	t=20150
t=20200	t=20250	t=20300
t=20350	t=20400	t=20450
t=20500	t=20550	t=20600
t=20650	t=20700	t=20750
t=20800	t=20850	t=20900
t=20950	t=21000	t=21050
t=21100	t=21150	t=21200
t=21250	t=21300	t=21350
t=21400	t=21450	t=21500
t=21550	t=21600
各時間の静止画. 水平方向 150 km - 300 km, 鉛直方向全域を描画. -->	t=0	t=50
t=100	t=150	t=200
t=250	t=300	t=350
t=400	t=450	t=500
t=550	t=600	t=650
t=700	t=750	t=800
t=850	t=900	t=950
t=1000	t=1050	t=1100
t=1150	t=1200	t=1250
t=1300	t=1350	t=1400
t=1450	t=1500	t=1550
t=1600	t=1650	t=1700
t=1750	t=1800	t=1850
t=1900	t=1950	t=2000
t=2050	t=2100	t=2150
t=2200	t=2250	t=2300
t=2350	t=2400	t=2450
t=2500	t=2550	t=2600
t=2650	t=2700	t=2750
t=2800	t=2850	t=2900
t=2950	t=3000	t=3050
t=3100	t=3150	t=3200
t=3250	t=3300	t=3350
t=3400	t=3450	t=3500
t=3550	t=3600	t=3650
t=3700	t=3750	t=3800
t=3850	t=3900	t=3950
t=4000	t=4050	t=4100
t=4150	t=4200	t=4250
t=4300	t=4350	t=4400
t=4450	t=4500	t=4550
t=4600	t=4650	t=4700
t=4750	t=4800	t=4850
t=4900	t=4950	t=5000
t=5050	t=5100	t=5150
t=5200	t=5250	t=5300
t=5350	t=5400	t=5450
t=5500	t=5550	t=5600
t=5650	t=5700	t=5750
t=5800	t=5850	t=5900
t=5950	t=6000	t=6050
t=6100	t=6150	t=6200
t=6250	t=6300	t=6350
t=6400	t=6450	t=6500
t=6550	t=6600	t=6650
t=6700	t=6750	t=6800
t=6850	t=6900	t=6950
t=7000	t=7050	t=7100
t=7150	t=7200	t=7250
t=7300	t=7350	t=7400
t=7450	t=7500	t=7550
t=7600	t=7650	t=7700
t=7750	t=7800	t=7850
t=7900	t=7950	t=8000
t=8050	t=8100	t=8150
t=8200	t=8250	t=8300
t=8350	t=8400	t=8450
t=8500	t=8550	t=8600
t=8650	t=8700	t=8750
t=8800	t=8850	t=8900
t=8950	t=9000	t=9050
t=9100	t=9150	t=9200
t=9250	t=9300	t=9350
t=9400	t=9450	t=9500
t=9550	t=9600	t=9650
t=9700	t=9750	t=9800
t=9850	t=9900	t=9950
t=10000	t=10050	t=10100
t=10150	t=10200	t=10250
t=10300	t=10350	t=10400
t=10450	t=10500	t=10550
t=10600	t=10650	t=10700
t=10750	t=10800	t=10850
t=10900	t=10950	t=11000
t=11050	t=11100	t=11150
t=11200	t=11250	t=11300
t=11350	t=11400	t=11450
t=11500	t=11550	t=11600
t=11650	t=11700	t=11750
t=11800	t=11850	t=11900
t=11950	t=12000	t=12050
t=12100	t=12150	t=12200
t=12250	t=12300	t=12350
t=12400	t=12450	t=12500
t=12550	t=12600	t=12650
t=12700	t=12750	t=12800
t=12850	t=12900	t=12950
t=13000	t=13050	t=13100
t=13150	t=13200	t=13250
t=13300	t=13350	t=13400
t=13450	t=13500	t=13550
t=13600	t=13650	t=13700
t=13750	t=13800	t=13850
t=13900	t=13950	t=14000
t=14050	t=14100	t=14150
t=14200	t=14250	t=14300
t=14350	t=14400	t=14450
t=14500	t=14550	t=14600
t=14650	t=14700	t=14750
t=14800	t=14850	t=14900
t=14950	t=15000	t=15050
t=15100	t=15150	t=15200
t=15250	t=15300	t=15350
t=15400	t=15450	t=15500
t=15550	t=15600	t=15650
t=15700	t=15750	t=15800
t=15850	t=15900	t=15950
t=16000	t=16050	t=16100
t=16150	t=16200	t=16250
t=16300	t=16350	t=16400
t=16450	t=16500	t=16550
t=16600	t=16650	t=16700
t=16750	t=16800	t=16850
t=16900	t=16950	t=17000
t=17050	t=17100	t=17150
t=17200	t=17250	t=17300
t=17350	t=17400	t=17450
t=17500	t=17550	t=17600
t=17650	t=17700	t=17750
t=17800	t=17850	t=17900
t=17950	t=18000	t=18050
t=18100	t=18150	t=18200
t=18250	t=18300	t=18350
t=18400	t=18450	t=18500
t=18550	t=18600	t=18650
t=18700	t=18750	t=18800
t=18850	t=18900	t=18950
t=19000	t=19050	t=19100
t=19150	t=19200	t=19250
t=19300	t=19350	t=19400
t=19450	t=19500	t=19550
t=19600	t=19650	t=19700
t=19750	t=19800	t=19850
t=19900	t=19950	t=20000
t=20050	t=20100	t=20150
t=20200	t=20250	t=20300
t=20350	t=20400	t=20450
t=20500	t=20550	t=20600
t=20650	t=20700	t=20750
t=20800	t=20850	t=20900
t=20950	t=21000	t=21050
t=21100	t=21150	t=21200
t=21250	t=21300	t=21350
t=21400	t=21450	t=21500
t=21550	t=21600

参考資料

• 地球流体電脳倶楽部 dcmodel プロジェクト. <URL:http://www.gfd-dennou.org/library/dcmodel>,

  地球流体電脳倶楽部.

• 地球流体電脳倶楽部 deepconv プロジェクト. <URL:http://www.gfd-dennou.org/library/deepconv>,

  地球流体電脳倶楽部

• Takemi, T., 2007: A sensitivity of squall-line intensity to environmental static stability under various shear and moisture conditions Atmospheric Research Volume 84, Issue 4, June 2007, Pages 374-389
• Takemi, T., 2006: Impacts of moisture profiles on the evolution and organization of midlatitde squall lines under various shear conditions, Atmos. Res., Vol.82.
• Weisman, M.L., Klemp, J.B., 1982. The dependence of numerically simulated convective storms on vertical wind shear and buoyancy. Mon. Weather Rev. 110, 504-520.