A. Governing equations of the model   d. Radiation up previous next
A.d.vi. Solar flux and zenith angle

The solar flux integrated over all wavelength at the top of atmosphere is depend on season, latitude and local time. In this section, we show formulation of as a function of local time at a specified season and latitude.

Suppose that is solar constant on the mean orbital radius of Planet, and is the radius of orbit and its mean value, is solar zenith angle, is latitude, is the solar inclination, is the hour angle (= , is length of day ). is represented by using these variables as follows.

(A.52)
(A.53)

(c.f., Ogura, 1999). and are given as follows.


where is the longitude relative to the perihelion, is the semimajor axis of orbit, is the eccentricity, is the declination, ω is the true anomaly, and is the longitude of vernal equinox relative to the perihelion. By introducing the areocentric longitude of the sun , is rewritten as follows.

(A.54)

where = 0.093, = 25.2°, = 100°, and = 591 Wm-2. The value of is derived from the figure 1-1 of Carr (1996).


A numerical simulation of thermal convection in the Martian lower atmosphere.
Odaka, Nakajima, Ishiwatari, Hayashi,   Nagare Multimedia 2001
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