subroutine LBFluxSimple( xyz_U, xyz_V, xyz_Temp, xyr_VirTemp, xyzf_QMix, xyr_Press, xy_SurfHeight, xyz_Height, xyz_Exner, xyr_Exner, xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux, xy_SurfVelTransCoef, xy_SurfTempTransCoef, xy_SurfQVapTransCoef )
    !
    ! 温度, 比湿, 気圧から, 放射フラックスを計算します. 
    !
    ! Calculate radiation flux from temperature, specific humidity, and 
    ! air pressure. 
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理・数学定数設定
    ! Physical and mathematical constants settings
    !
    use constants0, only: PI
                              ! $ \pi $ .
                              ! 円周率.  Circular constant

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constants settings
    !
    use constants, only: Grav, GasRDry, CpDry
                              ! $ C_p $ [J kg-1 K-1]. 
                              ! 乾燥大気の定圧比熱. 
                              ! Specific heat of air at constant pressure

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluate saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: xy_CalcQVapSat

    ! 座標データ設定
    ! Axes data settings
    !
    use axesset, only: y_Lat                 ! $ \varphi $ [rad.] . 緯度. Latitude

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! デバッグ用ユーティリティ
    ! Utilities for debug
    !
    use dc_trace, only: DbgMessage, BeginSub, EndSub

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_U (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ u $ . 東西風速. Eastward wind
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_V (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ v $ . 南北風速. Northward wind

    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Temp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ T $ . 温度 (整数レベル). 
                              ! Temperature (full level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_VirTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! $ T_v $ . 仮温度 (半整数レベル). 
                              ! Virtual temperature (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyzf_QMix(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! $ q $ .     比湿. Specific humidity
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Press (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! $ p_s $ . 地表面気圧 (半整数レベル). 
                              ! Surface pressure (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfHeight(0:imax-1,1:jmax)
                              ! $ z_s $ . 地表面高度. 
                              ! Surface height. 
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Height (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! 高度 (整数レベル). 
                              ! Height (full level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Exner (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Exner 関数 (整数レベル). 
                              ! Exner function (full level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Exner (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Exner 関数 (半整数レベル). 
                              ! Exner function (half level)
    real(DP), intent(out):: xyr_MomFluxX (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:0)
                              ! 東西方向運動量フラックス. 
                              ! Eastward momentum flux
    real(DP), intent(out):: xyr_MomFluxY (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:0)
                              ! 南北方向運動量フラックス. 
                              ! Northward momentum flux
    real(DP), intent(out):: xyr_HeatFlux (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:0)
                              ! 熱フラックス. 
                              ! Heat flux
    real(DP), intent(out):: xyrf_QMixFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:0, 1:ncmax)
                              ! 比湿フラックス. 
                              ! Specific humidity flux
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfVelTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 輸送係数：運動量. 
                              ! Diffusion coefficient: velocity
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfTempTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 輸送係数：温度. 
                              ! Transfer coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(out):: xy_SurfQVapTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 輸送係数：水蒸気
                              ! Transfer coefficient: water vapor

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    real(DP) :: xy_TempAtLB   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
    real(DP) :: xy_QH2OVapAtLB(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)

    integer:: j
    integer:: n               ! 組成方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in dimension of constituents

    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. lb_flux_simple_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    ! 輸送係数の計算
    ! Calculate transfer coefficient
    !
    select case ( IDLBMomFluxMode )
    case ( IDLBMomFluxModeNoFlux )
      xy_SurfVelTransCoef = 0.0_DP
    case ( IDLBMomFluxModeFixTimeConst )
      if ( FricTimeConstAtLB <= 0.0_DP ) then
        call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'FricTimeConstAtLB must be greater than or equal to zero.' )
      end if
      do j = 1, jmax
        if ( abs( y_Lat(j) ) >= FricLowestLatAtLB * PI / 180.0_DP ) then
          xy_SurfVelTransCoef(:,j) = - ( xyr_Press(:,j,1) - xyr_Press(:,j,0) ) / Grav / FricTimeConstAtLB
        else
          xy_SurfVelTransCoef(:,j) = 0.0_DP
        end if
      end do
    end select

    select case ( IDLBHeatFluxMode )
    case ( IDLBHeatFluxModeFixFlux )
      xy_SurfTempTransCoef = HeatFluxAtLB
    case ( IDLBHeatFluxModeFixTemp )
      xy_SurfTempTransCoef = xyr_Press(:,:,0) / ( GasRDry * xyr_VirTemp(:,:,0) ) * DiffCoefHeatMass / ( xyz_Height(:,:,1) - xy_SurfHeight )
    end select

    select case( IDLBH2OVapFluxMode )
    case ( IDLBH2OVapFluxModeFixFlux )
      xy_SurfQVapTransCoef = H2OVapFluxAtLB
    case ( IDLBH2OVapFluxModeFixMixRt )
      xy_SurfQVapTransCoef = xyr_Press(:,:,0) / ( GasRDry * xyr_VirTemp(:,:,0) ) * DiffCoefHeatMass / ( xyz_Height(:,:,1) - xy_SurfHeight )
    end select


    ! 下部境界フラックスの計算
    ! Calculate fluxes at lower boundary
    !
    !   Momentum
    !
    xyr_MomFluxX(:,:,0) = - xy_SurfVelTransCoef * xyz_U(:,:,1)
    xyr_MomFluxY(:,:,0) = - xy_SurfVelTransCoef * xyz_V(:,:,1)

    !   Heat
    !
    select case ( IDLBHeatFluxMode )
    case ( IDLBHeatFluxModeFixFlux )
      xyr_HeatFlux = HeatFluxAtLB
    case ( IDLBHeatFluxModeFixTemp )
      xy_TempAtLB = TempAtLB
      xyr_HeatFlux(:,:,0) = - CpDry * xyr_Exner(:,:,0) * xy_SurfTempTransCoef * (   xyz_Temp(:,:,1) / xyz_Exner(:,:,1) - xy_TempAtLB     / xyr_Exner(:,:,0) )
    end select

    !   Mass
    !
    select case( IDLBH2OVapFluxMode )
    case ( IDLBH2OVapFluxModeFixFlux )
      xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,IndexH2OVap) = H2OVapFluxAtLB
    case ( IDLBH2OVapFluxModeFixMixRt )
      xy_QH2OVapAtLB = QH2OVapAtLB
      xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,IndexH2OVap) = - xy_SurfQVapTransCoef * ( xyzf_QMix(:,:,1,IndexH2OVap) - xy_QH2OVapAtLB )
    end select
    !
    xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,1:IndexH2OVap-1)     = 0.0_DP
    xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,IndexH2OVap+1:ncmax) = 0.0_DP

    ! Surface flux of constituents except for water vapor is zero.
!!$    write( 6, * ) "MEMO: Surface flux of constituents except for water vapor is zero. (YOT, 2013/05/15)"


    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !

    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine LBFluxSimple

  subroutine LBFluxSimpleInit
    !
    ! surface_flux_bulk モジュールの初期化を行います. 
    ! NAMELIST#surface_flux_bulk_nml の読み込みはこの手続きで行われます. 
    !
    ! "surface_flux_bulk" module is initialized. 
    ! "NAMELIST#surface_flux_bulk_nml" is loaded in this procedure. 
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ
    ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input
    !
    use namelist_util, only: namelist_filename, NmlutilMsg, NmlutilAryValid

    ! ファイル入出力補助
    ! File I/O support
    !
    use dc_iounit, only: FileOpen

    ! 種別型パラメタ
    ! Kind type parameter
    !
    use dc_types, only: STDOUT ! 標準出力の装置番号. Unit number of standard output

    ! 文字列操作
    ! Character handling
    !
    use dc_string, only: StoA


    ! 日付および時刻の取り扱い
    ! Date and time handler
    !
    use dc_calendar, only: DCCalConvertByUnit

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoAddVariable

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constant settings
    !
    use constants, only: GasRDry, CpDry
                              ! $ C_p $ [J kg-1 K-1]. 
                              ! 乾燥大気の定圧比熱. 
                              ! Specific heat of air at constant pressure

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !
    real(DP)         :: FricTimeConstAtLBValue
    character(TOKEN) :: FricTimeConstAtLBUnit

    character(STRING) :: LBMomFluxMode
    character(STRING) :: LBHeatFluxMode
    character(STRING) :: LBH2OVapFluxMode

    integer:: unit_nml        ! NAMELIST ファイルオープン用装置番号. 
                              ! Unit number for NAMELIST file open
    integer:: iostat_nml      ! NAMELIST 読み込み時の IOSTAT. 
                              ! IOSTAT of NAMELIST read

    ! NAMELIST 変数群
    ! NAMELIST group name
    !
    namelist /lb_flux_simple_nml/ LBMomFluxMode, FricTimeConstAtLBValue, FricTimeConstAtLBUnit, FricLowestLatAtLB, LBHeatFluxMode, HeatFluxAtLB, TempAtLB, LBH2OVapFluxMode, H2OVapFluxAtLB, QH2OVapAtLB, DiffCoefHeatMass
          !
          ! デフォルト値については初期化手続 "lb_flux_simple#LBFluxSimpleInit" 
          ! のソースコードを参照のこと. 
          !
          ! Refer to source codes in the initialization procedure
          ! "lb_flux_simple#LBFluxSimpleInit" for the default values. 
          !

    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    if ( lb_flux_simple_inited ) return


    ! デフォルト値の設定
    ! Default values settings
    !
    LBMomFluxMode            = 'FixTimeConst'
    FricTimeConstAtLBValue   = 20.0_DP   ! Schneider and Liou (2009)
    FricTimeConstAtLBUnit    = 'day'
    FricLowestLatAtLB        = 16.3_DP   ! Schneider and Liou (2009)

    LBHeatFluxMode           = 'FixFlux'
    HeatFluxAtLB             =  5.7_DP   ! Schneider and Liou (2009)
    TempAtLB                 =  160.0_DP * ( 30.0_DP / 0.6_DP )**( GasRDry / CpDry )
                                 ! Sugiyama et al. (2009), Nagare Multimedia
                                 ! Potential Temperature of 160 K with 
                                 ! reference pressure of 0.6 bars

    LBH2OVapFluxMode         = 'FixFlux'
    H2OVapFluxAtLB           =  0.0_DP
    QH2OVapAtLB              =  7.816e-4_DP
                                 ! Sugiyama et al. (2009), Nagare Multimedia
    DiffCoefHeatMass         = 800.0_DP
                                 ! Sugiyama et al. (2009), Nagare Multimedia

    ! NAMELIST の読み込み
    ! NAMELIST is input
    !
    if ( trim(namelist_filename) /= '' ) then
      call FileOpen( unit_nml, namelist_filename, mode = 'r' ) ! (in)

      rewind( unit_nml )
      read( unit_nml, nml = lb_flux_simple_nml, iostat = iostat_nml )        ! (out)
      close( unit_nml )

      call NmlutilMsg( iostat_nml, module_name ) ! (in)
    end if


    FricTimeConstAtLB = DCCalConvertByUnit( FricTimeConstAtLBValue, FricTimeConstAtLBUnit, 'sec' ) ! (in)


    ! Identification of calculation method for momentum flux
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'LBMomFluxMode=<%c>.', c1 = trim(LBMomFluxMode) )
    select case ( LBMomFluxMode )
    case ( 'NoFlux' )
      IDLBMomFluxMode = IDLBMomFluxModeNoFlux
    case ( 'FixTimeConst' )
      IDLBMomFluxMode = IDLBMomFluxModeFixTimeConst
    case default
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'LBMomFluxMode=<%c> is not supported.', c1 = trim(LBMomFluxMode) )
    end select

    ! Identification of calculation method for heat flux
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'LBHeatFluxMode=<%c>.', c1 = trim(LBHeatFluxMode) )
    select case ( LBHeatFluxMode )
    case ( 'FixFlux' )
      IDLBHeatFluxMode = IDLBHeatFluxModeFixFlux
    case ( 'FixTemp' )
      IDLBHeatFluxMode = IDLBHeatFluxModeFixFlux
    case default
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'LBHeatFluxMode=<%c> is not supported.', c1 = trim(LBHeatFluxMode) )
    end select

    ! Identification of calculation method for H2O vapor flux
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'LBH2OVapFluxMode=<%c>.', c1 = trim(LBH2OVapFluxMode) )
    select case ( LBH2OVapFluxMode )
    case ( 'FixFlux' )
      IDLBH2OVapFluxMode = IDLBH2OVapFluxModeFixFlux
    case ( 'FixMixRt' )
      IDLBH2OVapFluxMode = IDLBH2OVapFluxModeFixMixRt
    case default
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'LBH2OVapFluxMode=<%c> is not supported.', c1 = trim(LBH2OVapFluxMode) )
    end select



    ! ヒストリデータ出力のためのへの変数登録
    ! Register of variables for history data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauX', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface stress(x)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauY', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface stress(y)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'Sens', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'sensible heat flux', 'W m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SurfH2OVapFlux', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface H2O vapor flux  ', 'kg m-2 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'Evap', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'latent heat flux  ', 'W m-2' )

    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauXB', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface stress(x)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauYB', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface stress(y)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SensB', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'sensible heat flux', 'W m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SurfH2OVapFluxB', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface H2O vapor flux  ', 'kg m-2 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'EvapB', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'latent heat flux  ', 'W m-2' )

    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauXA', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface stress(x)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'TauYA', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface stress(y)  ', 'N m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SensA', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'sensible heat flux', 'W m-2' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SurfH2OVapFluxA', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface H2O vapor flux  ', 'kg m-2 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'EvapA', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'latent heat flux  ', 'W m-2' )

    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'SurfH2OVapFluxU', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'surface H2O vapor flux  ', 'kg m-2 s-1' )
    call HistoryAutoAddVariable( 'EvapU', (/ 'lon ', 'lat ', 'time' /), 'latent heat flux  ', 'W m-2' )

    ! 印字 ; Print
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '----- Initialization Messages -----' )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'LBMomFluxMode            = %c', c1 = trim( LBMomFluxMode ) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'FricTimeConstAtLB        = %f', d = (/ FricTimeConstAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'FricLowestLatAtLB        = %f', d = (/ FricLowestLatAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'LBHeatFluxMode           = %c', c1 = trim( LBHeatFluxMode ) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'HeatFluxAtLB             = %f', d = (/ HeatFluxAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'TempAtLB                 = %f', d = (/ TempAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'LBH2OVapFluxMode         = %c', c1 = trim( LBH2OVapFluxMode ) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'H2OVapFluxAtLB           = %f', d = (/ H2OVapFluxAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'QH2OVapAtLB              = %f', d = (/ QH2OVapAtLB /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'DiffCoefHeatMass         = %f', d = (/ DiffCoefHeatMass /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '-- version = %c', c1 = trim(version) )

    lb_flux_simple_inited = .true.

  end subroutine LBFluxSimpleInit

  subroutine SurfaceFluxOutput( xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux, xy_SurfH2OVapFluxA, xy_SurfLatentHeatFluxA, xyz_DUDt, xyz_DVDt, xyz_DTempDt, xyzf_DQMixDt, xy_SurfTemp, xy_DSurfTempDt, xyr_Press, xyz_Exner, xyr_Exner, xy_SurfHumidCoef, xy_SurfVelTransCoef, xy_SurfTempTransCoef, xy_SurfQVapTransCoef )
    !
    ! フラックス (xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux). 
    ! について, その他の引数を用いて補正し, 出力を行う. 
    !
    ! Fluxes (xyr_MomFluxX, xyr_MomFluxY, xyr_HeatFlux, xyrf_QMixFlux) are
    ! corrected by using other arguments, and the corrected values are output.
    !

    ! モジュール引用 ; USE statements
    !

    ! 物理定数設定
    ! Physical constant settings
    !
    use constants, only: GasRDry, CpDry, LatentHeat
                              ! $ L $ [J kg-1] . 
                              ! 凝結の潜熱. 
                              ! Latent heat of condensation

    ! 飽和比湿の算出
    ! Evaluation of saturation specific humidity
    !
    use saturate, only: xy_CalcQVapSat, xy_CalcDQVapSatDTemp

    ! 時刻管理
    ! Time control
    !
    use timeset, only: DelTime, TimeN, TimesetClockStart, TimesetClockStop

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    use gtool_historyauto, only: HistoryAutoPut

    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_MomFluxX (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! 東西方向運動量フラックス. 
                              ! Eastward momentum flux
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_MomFluxY (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! 南北方向運動量フラックス. 
                              ! Northward momentum flux
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_HeatFlux (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! 熱フラックス. 
                              ! Heat flux
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyrf_QMixFlux(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! 比湿フラックス. 
                              ! Specific humidity flux
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfH2OVapFluxA    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 惑星表面水蒸気フラックス.
                              ! Water vapor flux at the surface
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfLatentHeatFluxA(0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 惑星表面潜熱フラックス.
                              ! Latent heat flux at the surface
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_DUDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ \DP{u}{t} $ . 東西風速時間変化率. 
                              ! Eastward wind tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_DVDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ \DP{v}{t} $ . 南北風速時間変化率. 
                              ! Northward wind tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_DTempDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! $ \DP{T}{t} $ . 温度時間変化率. 
                              ! Temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyzf_DQMixDt(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! $ \DP{q}{t} $ . 比湿時間変化率. 
                              ! Specific humidity tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 地表面温度. 
                              ! Surface temperature
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_DSurfTempDt (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 地表面温度時間変化率. 
                              ! Surface temperature tendency
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Press (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! $ \hat{p} $ . 気圧 (半整数レベル). 
                              ! Air pressure (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyz_Exner (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
                              ! Exner 関数 (整数レベル). 
                              ! Exner function (full level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xyr_Exner (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! Exner 関数 (半整数レベル). 
                              ! Exner function (half level)
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfHumidCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 地表湿潤度. 
                              ! Surface humidity coefficient
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfVelTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 輸送係数：運動量. 
                              ! Diffusion coefficient: velocity
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfTempTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 輸送係数：温度. 
                              ! Transfer coefficient: temperature
    real(DP), intent(in):: xy_SurfQVapTransCoef (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 輸送係数：水蒸気
                              ! Transfer coefficient: water vapor

    ! 出力のための作業変数
    ! Work variables for output
    !
    real(DP):: xyr_MomFluxXCor (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! 東西方向運動量フラックス. 
                              ! Eastward momentum flux
    real(DP):: xyr_MomFluxYCor (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! 南北方向運動量フラックス. 
                              ! Northward momentum flux
    real(DP):: xyr_HeatFluxCor (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! 熱フラックス. 
                              ! Heat flux
    real(DP):: xyrf_QMixFluxCor(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax, 1:ncmax)
                              ! 比湿フラックス. 
                              ! Specific humidity flux
    real(DP):: xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
                              ! 表面潜熱フラックス.
                              ! Latent heat flux
    real(DP):: xy_SurfQVapSat (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 地表飽和比湿. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity on surface
    real(DP):: xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! 地表飽和比湿変化. 
                              ! Saturated specific humidity tendency on surface

    ! 作業変数
    ! Work variables
    !
    integer:: i               ! 経度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in longitude
    integer:: j               ! 緯度方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in latitude
    integer:: n               ! 組成方向に回る DO ループ用作業変数
                              ! Work variables for DO loop in dimension of constituents


    ! 実行文 ; Executable statement
    !

    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. lb_flux_simple_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    ! 飽和比湿の計算
    ! Calculate saturated specific humidity
    !
    xy_SurfQVapSat       = xy_CalcQVapSat      ( xy_SurfTemp, xyr_Press(:,:,0) )
    xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp = xy_CalcDQVapSatDTemp( xy_SurfTemp, xy_SurfQVapSat   )

    ! Output of fluxes at t
    !

    ! 風速, 温度, 比湿フラックス補正
    ! Correct fluxes of wind, temperature, specific humidity
    !
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyr_MomFluxXCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxX( i,j,0 ) - xy_SurfVelTransCoef( i,j ) * xyz_DUDt( i,j,1 ) * DelTime

        xyr_MomFluxYCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxY( i,j,0 ) - xy_SurfVelTransCoef( i,j ) * xyz_DVDt( i,j,1 ) * DelTime

        xyr_HeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_HeatFlux( i,j,0 ) - CpDry * xyr_Exner( i,j,0 ) * xy_SurfTempTransCoef( i,j ) * ( xyz_DTempDt( i,j,1 ) / xyz_Exner( i,j,1 ) - xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) / xyr_Exner( i,j,0 ) ) * DelTime
      end do
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n ) = xyrf_QMixFlux( i,j,0,n ) - xy_SurfHumidCoef( i,j ) * xy_SurfQVapTransCoef( i,j ) * ( xyzf_DQMixDt( i,j,1,n ) - xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp( i,j ) * xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) ) * DelTime
      end do
    end do
    do n = 1, IndexH2OVap-1
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    do n = IndexH2OVap+1, ncmax
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = LatentHeat * xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n )
      end do
    end do


    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauX'          , xyr_MomFluxXCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauY'          , xyr_MomFluxYCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'Sens'          , xyr_HeatFluxCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SurfH2OVapFlux', xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,IndexH2OVap) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'Evap'          , xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor(:,:,0) )


    ! Output of fluxes at t - \Delta t
    !

    ! 風速, 温度, 比湿フラックス補正
    ! Correct fluxes of wind, temperature, specific humidity
    !
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyr_MomFluxXCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxX( i,j,0 )
        xyr_MomFluxYCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxY( i,j,0 )
        xyr_HeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_HeatFlux( i,j,0 )
      end do
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n ) = xyrf_QMixFlux( i,j,0,n )
      end do
    end do
    do n = 1, IndexH2OVap-1
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    do n = IndexH2OVap+1, ncmax
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = LatentHeat * xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n )
      end do
    end do

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauXB'          , xyr_MomFluxXCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauYB'          , xyr_MomFluxYCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SensB'          , xyr_HeatFluxCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SurfH2OVapFluxB', xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,IndexH2OVap) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'EvapB'          , xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor(:,:,0) )


    ! Output of fluxes at t + \Delta t
    !

    ! 風速, 温度, 比湿フラックス補正
    ! Correct fluxes of wind, temperature, specific humidity
    !
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyr_MomFluxXCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxX( i,j,0 ) - xy_SurfVelTransCoef( i,j ) * xyz_DUDt( i,j,1 ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime

        xyr_MomFluxYCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_MomFluxY( i,j,0 ) - xy_SurfVelTransCoef( i,j ) * xyz_DVDt( i,j,1 ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime

        xyr_HeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = xyr_HeatFlux( i,j,0 ) - CpDry * xyr_Exner( i,j,0 ) * xy_SurfTempTransCoef( i,j ) * ( xyz_DTempDt( i,j,1 ) / xyz_Exner( i,j,1 ) - xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) / xyr_Exner( i,j,0 ) ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      end do
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n ) = xyrf_QMixFlux( i,j,0,n ) - xy_SurfHumidCoef( i,j ) * xy_SurfQVapTransCoef( i,j ) * ( xyzf_DQMixDt( i,j,1,n ) - xy_SurfDQVapSatDTemp( i,j ) * xy_DSurfTempDt( i,j ) ) * 2.0_DP * DelTime
      end do
    end do
    do n = 1, IndexH2OVap-1
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    do n = IndexH2OVap+1, ncmax
      xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,n) = xyrf_QMixFlux(:,:,0,n)
    end do
    n = IndexH2OVap
    do j = 1, jmax
      do i = 0, imax-1
        xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor( i,j,0 ) = LatentHeat * xyrf_QMixFluxCor( i,j,0,n )
      end do
    end do

    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauXA'          , xyr_MomFluxXCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'TauYA'          , xyr_MomFluxYCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SensA'          , xyr_HeatFluxCor (:,:,0) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SurfH2OVapFluxA', xyrf_QMixFluxCor(:,:,0,IndexH2OVap) )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'EvapA'          , xyr_LatentHeatFluxCor(:,:,0) )


    ! ヒストリデータ出力
    ! History data output
    !
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'SurfH2OVapFluxU', xy_SurfH2OVapFluxA     )
    call HistoryAutoPut( TimeN, 'EvapU'          , xy_SurfLatentHeatFluxA )


    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )

  end subroutine SurfaceFluxOutput