subroutine RadEarthSWV21Flux( xy_SurfAlbedo, xyz_DelAtmMass, xyz_DelH2OVapMass, xyz_DelH2OLiqMass, xyz_DelH2OSolMass, xyz_DelO3Mass, xyz_Press, xyz_Temp, xyz_CloudCover, xyr_RadSUwFlux, xyr_RadSDwFlux )

    ! USE statements
    !

    ! 短波入射 (太陽入射)
    ! Short wave (insolation) incoming
    !
    use rad_short_income, only : RadShortIncome

    !
    ! Solve radiative transfer equation in two stream approximation
    !
    use rad_rte_two_stream_app, only: RadRTETwoStreamApp

    ! Chou and Lee (1996) による短波放射モデル
    ! Short wave radiation model described by Chou and Lee (1996)
    !
    use rad_CL1996, only : RadCL1996NumBands      , RadCL1996UVVISParams   , RadCL1996IRH2ONumKDFBin, RadCL1996IRH2OKDFParams, RadCL1996ScaleH2OVapMass


    ! Chou et al (1998) による短波放射用雲モデル
    ! Cloud model for short wave radiation model described by Chou et al (1998)
    !
    use rad_C1998, only : RadC1998CalcCloudOptProp

!!$    ! 雲の設定
!!$    ! Set cloud
!!$    !
!!$    use set_cloud, only : SetCloudSmearCloudOptDep


    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xy_SurfAlbedo    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax )
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_DelAtmMass   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_DelH2OVapMass(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_DelH2OLiqMass(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_DelH2OSolMass(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_DelO3Mass    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Press        (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_Temp         (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(in ) :: xyz_CloudCover   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xyr_RadSUwFlux   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)
    real(DP), intent(out) :: xyr_RadSDwFlux   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax)


    real(DP) :: xy_InAngle    (0:imax-1, 1:jmax)
                              ! sec (入射角).
                              ! sec (angle of incidence)
    real(DP) :: DistFromStarScld
                               ! Distance between the central star and the planet
    real(DP) :: DiurnalMeanFactor


    integer  :: nbands1
    integer  :: nbands2

    real(DP) :: UVVISFracSolarFlux
    real(DP) :: UVVISO3AbsCoef
    real(DP) :: UVVISRayScatCoef

    real(DP) :: SolarFluxTOA



    real(DP) :: xyz_SSA       (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_AF        (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)


    real(DP), parameter :: RayScatSinScatAlb = 1.0d0 - 1.0d-10
    real(DP), parameter :: RayScatAsymFact   = 0.0d0

    integer , parameter :: IDScheme = IDSchemeShortWave

    real(DP)            :: xyz_DelH2OVapMassScaled( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

    real(DP)            :: xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP)            :: xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

    real(DP)            :: xyz_RayScatDelOptDep( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

    real(DP)            :: xyz_O3AbsDelOptDep  ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )

    real(DP)            :: xyz_DelTotOptDep( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )
    real(DP)            :: xyr_TotOptDep   ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )
    real(DP)            :: xyr_RadFlux     ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )
    real(DP)            :: xyr_RadUwFlux   ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )
    real(DP)            :: xyr_RadDwFlux   ( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 0:kmax )

    integer  :: nkdf

    integer  :: ikdfbin
    real(DP) :: KDFAbsCoef
    real(DP) :: KDFWeight
    real(DP) :: xyz_H2ODelOptDep( 0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax )


    real(DP) :: xyz_CloudREff   (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_CloudExtCoef(0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_CloudCoAlb  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_CloudWatSSA (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_CloudWatAF  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_CloudIceSSA (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)
    real(DP) :: xyz_CloudIceAF  (0:imax-1, 1:jmax, 1:kmax)



    integer  :: i
    integer  :: j
    integer  :: k
    integer  :: l


    ! 初期化確認
    ! Initialization check
    !
    if ( .not. rad_Earth_SW_V2_1_inited ) then
      call MessageNotify( 'E', module_name, 'This module has not been initialized.' )
    end if


    ! 計算時間計測開始
    ! Start measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStart( module_name )


    ! 短波入射の計算
    ! Calculate short wave (insolation) incoming radiation
    !
    call RadShortIncome( xy_InAngle        = xy_InAngle, DistFromStarScld  = DistFromStarScld, DiurnalMeanFactor = DiurnalMeanFactor )


    call RadCL1996NumBands( nbands1, nbands2 )


    ! Initialization
    !
    xyr_RadSUwFlux = 0.0_DP
    xyr_RadSDwFlux = 0.0_DP


    ! * 14286 to 57143 cm-1 (0.175 to 0.70 micron): 
    !   * Rayleigh scattering, 
    !   * scattering by cloud droplets. 
    !   * O3 absorption
    !
    do l = 1, nbands1

      ! Water cloud optical properties
      !
      xyz_CloudREff = CloudWatREff
      call RadC1998CalcCloudOptProp( 'Liquid', l, xyz_CloudREff, xyz_CloudExtCoef, xyz_CloudCoAlb, xyz_CloudWatAF )
      xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep = xyz_CloudExtCoef * xyz_DelH2OLiqMass
      ! This is commented out, because xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep is an averaged 
      ! optical depth of a grid box (yot, 2011/11/20).
!!$      call SetCloudSmearCloudOptDep(        &
!!$        & xyz_CloudCover,                   & ! (in   )
!!$        & xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep             & ! (inout)
!!$        & )
      xyz_CloudWatSSA       = 1.0_DP - xyz_CloudCoAlb

      ! Ice cloud optical properties
      !
      xyz_CloudREff = CloudIceREff
      call RadC1998CalcCloudOptProp( 'Ice', l, xyz_CloudREff, xyz_CloudExtCoef, xyz_CloudCoAlb, xyz_CloudIceAF )
      xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep = xyz_CloudExtCoef * xyz_DelH2OSolMass
      ! This is commented out, because xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep is an averaged 
      ! optical depth of a grid box (yot, 2011/11/20).
!!$      call SetCloudSmearCloudOptDep(        &
!!$        & xyz_CloudCover,                   & ! (in   )
!!$        & xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep             & ! (inout)
!!$        & )
      xyz_CloudIceSSA       = 1.0_DP - xyz_CloudCoAlb


      ! UV and Visible optical properties and solar flux
      !
      call RadCL1996UVVISParams( l, UVVISFracSolarFlux, UVVISO3AbsCoef, UVVISRayScatCoef )

      SolarFluxTOA = UVVISFracSolarFlux * SolarConst / DistFromStarScld**2 * DiurnalMeanFactor


      ! Rayleigh scattering
      !
      if ( FlagRayleighScattering ) then
        xyz_RayScatDelOptDep = UVVISRayScatCoef * xyz_DelAtmMass
      else
        xyz_RayScatDelOptDep = 0.0d0
      end if


      ! O3 absorption
      !
      xyz_O3AbsDelOptDep = UVVISO3AbsCoef * xyz_DelO3Mass


      ! Total optical parameter
      !
      xyz_DelTotOptDep = xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep + xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep + xyz_RayScatDelOptDep + xyz_O3AbsDelOptDep
      !
      xyr_TotOptDep(:,:,kmax) = 0.0d0
      do k = kmax-1, 0, -1
        xyr_TotOptDep(:,:,k) = xyr_TotOptDep(:,:,k+1) + xyz_DelTotOptDep(:,:,k+1)
      end do
      !
      xyz_SSA = ( xyz_CloudWatSSA   * xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep + xyz_CloudIceSSA   * xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep + RayScatSinScatAlb * xyz_RayScatDelOptDep + 0.0d0             * xyz_O3AbsDelOptDep   ) / ( xyz_DelTotOptDep + 1.0d-100 )
      do k = 1, kmax
        do j = 1, jmax
          do i = 0, imax-1
            if ( xyz_SSA(i,j,k) >= 1.0d0 ) then
              xyz_SSA(i,j,k) = 1.0d0 - 1.0d-10
            end if
          end do
        end do
      end do
      xyz_AF  = ( xyz_CloudWatAF    * xyz_CloudWatSSA   * xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep + xyz_CloudIceAF    * xyz_CloudIceSSA   * xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep + RayScatAsymFact   * RayScatSinScatAlb * xyz_RayScatDelOptDep + 0.0d0             * 0.0d0             * xyz_O3AbsDelOptDep   ) / ( xyz_SSA * xyz_DelTotOptDep + 1.0d-100 )



      call RadRTETwoStreamApp( xyz_SSA, xyz_AF, SolarFluxTOA, xy_SurfAlbedo, IDScheme, xy_InAngle, xyr_TotOptDep, xyr_RadUwFlux, xyr_RadDwFlux )

      xyr_RadSUwFlux = xyr_RadSUwFlux + xyr_RadUwFlux
      xyr_RadSDwFlux = xyr_RadSDwFlux + xyr_RadDwFlux

    end do


    ! * 1000 to 14286 cm-1 (0.70-10 micron): 
    !   * absorption by H2O, 
    !   * scattering by cloud droplets.
    !

    call RadCL1996ScaleH2OVapMass( xyz_Temp, xyz_DelH2OVapMass, xyz_Press, xyz_DelH2OVapMassScaled )


    call RadCL1996IRH2ONumKDFBin( nkdf )


    SolarFluxTOA = SolarConst / DistFromStarScld**2 * DiurnalMeanFactor

    do l = nbands1+1, nbands1+nbands2

      ! Water cloud optical properties
      !
      xyz_CloudREff = CloudWatREff
      call RadC1998CalcCloudOptProp( 'Liquid', l, xyz_CloudREff, xyz_CloudExtCoef, xyz_CloudCoAlb, xyz_CloudWatAF )
      xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep = xyz_CloudExtCoef * xyz_DelH2OLiqMass
      ! This is commented out, because xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep is an averaged 
      ! optical depth of a grid box (yot, 2011/11/20).
!!$      call SetCloudSmearCloudOptDep(        &
!!$        & xyz_CloudCover,                   & ! (in   )
!!$        & xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep             & ! (inout)
!!$        & )
      xyz_CloudWatSSA       = 1.0_DP - xyz_CloudCoAlb

      ! Ice cloud optical properties
      !
      xyz_CloudREff = CloudIceREff
      call RadC1998CalcCloudOptProp( 'Ice', l, xyz_CloudREff, xyz_CloudExtCoef, xyz_CloudCoAlb, xyz_CloudIceAF )
      xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep = xyz_CloudExtCoef * xyz_DelH2OSolMass
      ! This is commented out, because xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep is an averaged 
      ! optical depth of a grid box (yot, 2011/11/20).
!!$      call SetCloudSmearCloudOptDep(        &
!!$        & xyz_CloudCover,                   & ! (in   )
!!$        & xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep             & ! (inout)
!!$        & )
      xyz_CloudIceSSA       = 1.0_DP - xyz_CloudCoAlb


      do ikdfbin = 1, nkdf

        call RadCL1996IRH2OKDFParams( l, ikdfbin, KDFAbsCoef, KDFWeight )

        xyz_H2ODelOptDep = KDFAbsCoef * xyz_DelH2OVapMassScaled


        ! Total optical parameter
        !
        xyz_DelTotOptDep = xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep + xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep + xyz_H2ODelOptDep

        xyr_TotOptDep(:,:,kmax) = 0.0d0
        do k = kmax-1, 0, -1
          xyr_TotOptDep(:,:,k) = xyr_TotOptDep(:,:,k+1) + xyz_DelTotOptDep(:,:,k+1)
        end do

        xyz_SSA = ( xyz_CloudWatSSA   * xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep + xyz_CloudIceSSA   * xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep + 0.0d0             * xyz_H2ODelOptDep      ) / ( xyz_DelTotOptDep + 1.0d-100 )
        do k = 1, kmax
          do j = 1, jmax
            do i = 0, imax-1
              if ( xyz_SSA(i,j,k) >= 1.0d0 ) then
                xyz_SSA(i,j,k) = 1.0d0 - 1.0d-10
              end if
            end do
          end do
        end do
        xyz_AF  = ( xyz_CloudWatAF    * xyz_CloudWatSSA   * xyz_DelCloudWatOptDep + xyz_CloudIceAF    * xyz_CloudIceSSA   * xyz_DelCloudIceOptDep + 0.0d0             * 0.0d0             * xyz_H2ODelOptDep     ) / ( xyz_ssa * xyz_DelTotOptDep + 1.0d-100 )


        call RadRTETwoStreamApp( xyz_SSA, xyz_AF, SolarFluxTOA, xy_SurfAlbedo, IDScheme, xy_InAngle, xyr_TotOptDep, xyr_RadUwFlux, xyr_RadDwFlux )


        xyr_RadUwFlux = xyr_RadUwFlux * KDFWeight
        xyr_RadDwFlux = xyr_RadDwFlux * KDFWeight

        xyr_RadSUwFlux = xyr_RadSUwFlux + xyr_RadUwFlux
        xyr_RadSDwFlux = xyr_RadSDwFlux + xyr_RadDwFlux

      end do

    end do



!!$    i = 0
!!$    j = jmax / 2 + 1
!!$    do k = 1, kmax
!!$      write( 73, * ) xyz_Temp(i,j,k), xyz_QH2OVap(i,j,k), &
!!$        & xyz_Press(i,j,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    call flush( 73 )
!!$
!!$    i = 0
!!$    j = jmax / 2 + 1
!!$    do k = 1, kmax
!!$      write( 83, * ) &
!!$        & + (     xyr_RadSFlux(i,j,k-1) - xyr_RadSFlux(i,j,k) )  &
!!$        &     / ( xyr_Press(i,j,k-1)    - xyr_Press(i,j,k) )     &
!!$        &     / 1004.6 * Grav, &
!!$        & xyz_Press(i,j,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    call flush( 83 )
!!$
!!$!    write( 6, * ) '########## ', acos( 1.0d0 / xy_InAngle(i,j) ) * 180.0d0 / 3.141592d0
!!$
!!$
!!$    i = 0
!!$    j = jmax / 2 + 1
!!$    write( 93, * ) '# ', xy_SurfAlbedo(i,j)
!!$    write( 93, * ) '# ', 1.0_DP / xy_InAngle(i,j)
!!$    do k = 0, kmax
!!$      write( 93, * ) xyr_RadSFlux(i,j,k), xyr_Press(i,j,k)
!!$    end do
!!$    call flush( 93 )
!!$    stop


    ! 計算時間計測一時停止
    ! Pause measurement of computation time
    !
    call TimesetClockStop( module_name )


  end subroutine RadEarthSWV21Flux

  subroutine RadEarthSWV21Init

    ! ファイル入出力補助
    ! File I/O support
    !
    use dc_iounit, only: FileOpen

    ! NAMELIST ファイル入力に関するユーティリティ
    ! Utilities for NAMELIST file input
    !
    use namelist_util, only: namelist_filename, NmlutilMsg, NmlutilAryValid

    ! 短波入射 (太陽入射)
    ! Short wave (insolation) incoming
    !
    use rad_short_income, only : RadShortIncomeInit

    ! Chou and Lee (1996) による短波放射モデル
    ! Short wave radiation model described by Chou and Lee (1996)
    !
    use rad_CL1996, only : RadCL1996Init

    ! Chou et al (1998) による短波放射用雲モデル
    ! Cloud model for short wave radiation model described by Chou et al (1998)
    !
    use rad_C1998, only : RadC1998Init

!!$    ! 雲量の設定
!!$    ! Set cloud amount
!!$    !
!!$    use set_cloud, only : SetCloudInit


    ! 宣言文 ; Declaration statements
    !

    integer:: unit_nml        ! NAMELIST ファイルオープン用装置番号.
                              ! Unit number for NAMELIST file open
    integer:: iostat_nml      ! NAMELIST 読み込み時の IOSTAT.
                              ! IOSTAT of NAMELIST read

    ! NAMELIST 変数群
    ! NAMELIST group name
    !
    namelist /rad_Earth_SW_V2_1_nml/ FlagRayleighScattering, SolarConst, CloudWatREff, CloudIceREff
          !
          ! デフォルト値については初期化手続 "rad_Earth_SW_V2_1#RadEarthSWV21Init"
          ! のソースコードを参照のこと.
          !
          ! Refer to source codes in the initialization procedure
          ! "rad_Earth_SW_V2_1#RadEarthSWEV21Init" for the default values.
          !

    if ( rad_Earth_SW_V2_1_inited ) return


    ! デフォルト値の設定
    ! Default values settings
    !
    FlagRayleighScattering = .true.

!!$    SolarConst             = 1380.0_DP
    SolarConst             = 1366.0_DP

    CloudWatREff           = 10.0d-6
    CloudIceREff           = 50.0d-6

    ! NAMELIST の読み込み
    ! NAMELIST is input
    !
    if ( trim(namelist_filename) /= '' ) then
      call FileOpen( unit_nml, namelist_filename, mode = 'r' ) ! (in)

      rewind( unit_nml )
      read( unit_nml, nml = rad_Earth_SW_V2_1_nml, iostat = iostat_nml )                  ! (out)
      close( unit_nml )

      call NmlutilMsg( iostat_nml, module_name ) ! (in)
    end if



    ! Initialization of modules used in this module
    !

    ! 短波入射 (太陽入射)
    ! Short wave (insolation) incoming
    !
    call RadShortIncomeInit

    ! Chou and Lee (1996) による短波放射モデル
    ! Short wave radiation model described by Chou and Lee (1996)
    !
    call RadCL1996Init

    ! Chou et al (1998) による短波放射用雲モデル
    ! Cloud model for short wave radiation model described by Chou et al (1998)
    !
    call RadC1998Init

!!$    ! 雲の設定
!!$    ! Set cloud
!!$    !
!!$    call SetCloudInit


    ! 印字 ; Print
    !
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '----- Initialization Messages -----' )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'FlagRayleighScattering = %b', l = (/ FlagRayleighScattering /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'SolarConst             = %f', d = (/ SolarConst /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'CloudWatREff           = %f', d = (/ CloudWatREff /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, 'CloudIceREff           = %f', d = (/ CloudIceREff /) )
    call MessageNotify( 'M', module_name, '-- version = %c', c1 = trim(version) )


    rad_Earth_SW_V2_1_inited = .true.

  end subroutine RadEarthSWV21Init