A. Governing equations of the model up previous next
A.d. Radiation

The radiative heating (cooling) term in equation (A.4) is given by convergence (divergence) of net radiative heat flux which is calculated by using radiative transfer equation. We consider following radiation processes in this model; absorption of near infrared solar radiation (NIR), absorption and emission of infrared radiation associated with atmospheric CO2, absorption and scattering of solar radiation, and absorption and emission of infrared radiation associated with dust. Scattering of NIR and infrared radiation associated with atmospheric CO2 are not considered. The infrared radiative heating owing to atmospheric CO2 is major radiative heating (cooling) source near the surface (Savijärvi, 1991b). The atmospheric temperature in Martian stratosphere results from balance between the near infrared radiative heating and the infrared cooling associated with atmospheric CO2 (Gierasch and Goody, 1967). The infrared radiation associated with dust can not be negligible in calculating radiative cooling at night time.

is represented as follows.

(A.22)

Qrad,IR and Qrad,NIR are the infrared and near infrared radiative heating rate associated with CO2. Qrad,dust,SR and Qrad,dust,IR are the solar and infrared radiative heating rate associated with dust. The governing equations to calculate these heating rate are described in following sections.

  1. Radiative transfer of atmospheric CO2
  2. Band parameters of CO2
  3. Radiative transfer of dust
  4. Dust opacity
  5. Optical parameters of dust
  6. Solar flux and zenith angle


A numerical simulation of thermal convection in the Martian lower atmosphere.
Odaka, Nakajima, Ishiwatari, Hayashi,   Nagare Multimedia 2001
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